The municipalisation (kommunaliseringen) was carried out in 1991 and meant that responsibility for schools was transferred from the state to the municipalities. Teachers became municipal employees instead of state employees, and municipalities gained full freedom to organise school operations.
Effects
The municipalisation is one of the most debated school reforms in Sweden. Critics argue that it led to increased differences between municipalities, declining teacher salaries relative to other professions, and reduced equity. Proponents maintain that local governance enables adaptation to local needs.